Which test is used to measure the presence of coliform bacteria in water?

The fecal coliform test is specifically designed to detect the presence of coliform bacteria in water, particularly focusing on fecal coliforms that are indicative of contamination by fecal material. Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms found in the environment, human and animal intestines. Their presence in water indicates potential contamination by pathogens that can cause illness.

This test typically involves using a media that supports the growth of coliforms at elevated temperatures, which are consistent with their natural environment in the intestines. By identifying these bacteria, operators can ascertain whether the water could pose a public health risk if consumed or used.

Other tests mentioned, such as the pH test, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test, and temperature test, serve different purposes in water quality assessment. The pH test measures acidity or alkalinity, BOD evaluates the organic pollution level, and the temperature test measures thermal characteristics of water. None of these tests provide specific information about the presence of coliform bacteria.